Restorative Justice 101: What Teachers Need To Know


The education sector is evolving in many ways. There are exciting new changes that are allowing schools to be a more productive, beneficial, and healthy environment for students. Restorative justice is one such practice that is beginning to gain traction in many schools in the west. It has the potential to improve the schooling system in Pakistan as well if implemented correctly.


But what exactly is restorative justice and what does it include? Moreover, how is it beneficial for students, teachers, and the school in its entirety? Here is everything you need to know, as a teacher, about restorative justice.

The Traditional Discipline System
Traditionally, schools would follow a “zero-tolerance” disciplinary system. A zero-tolerance disciplinary system meant that students would be directly punished for any misdemeanor or mistake that they made. For example, fines for late-coming, detention for not completing homework, and suspension for fighting with peers. 

The rationale behind this discipline system was that the punishment would “scare” the student into behaving, and would teach them a lesson if they did not. 

Many schools in Pakistan still follow this zero-tolerance policy. However, the truth is that while it may succeed in causing students to fear suspension, it does not actually help change the mindset of the child, and does not allow them to understand the consequences of their actions, take responsibility, and change their behavior. 

Restorative Justice
On the other hand, restorative justice is a disciplinary system that focuses on cooperation, responsibility, and mediation, rather than punishment. With restorative justice, students are made to understand their responsibilities in terms of their personal behavior as well as their behavior with others. When conflict or misdemeanor arises, then the affected parties are counseled, the root of the issue is identified, and solutions are found. 

The heart of restorative justice is to heal the damage that is caused by any sort of misbehavior or conflict. There are three major components that make up restorative justice, also known as the three tiers. 

Tiers of Restorative Justice

First Tier: Community Building
This focuses on the prevention of any conflicts through community building. It allows all the students in the classroom to develop their social-emotional skills so that they can understand each other better. This way, they are better able to understand the effect of their behavior on others. In this stage, teachers can focus on community building by holding meaningful discussions with their students, and creating “community guidelines” for their classroom. 

This is a huge step away from the traditional Pakistani schooling system that focuses on classroom lectures, exam preparation, and strict rules. This no-frills approach creates alienation between the school and the students and does not facilitate personal growth or grooming for the students. 

Second Tier: Restorative Practices
This stage takes place whenever an incident arises. It focuses on mediation as a form of intervention, rather than punishment. So, for example, if a student does not complete their homework or gets into a fight with a classmate, then rather than being given detention for it, they are given the opportunity to accept responsibility for their mistake and are provided counseling and mediation, usually by the teacher.

During this time, the teacher can ask non-judgemental questions such as “what happened?” and “how can we make it better?” This allows the student to work together with the teacher, and sometimes parents if a meeting is called, in order to find the root of the problem and take actions to correct it.

Third Tier: Re-Integration
This stage occurs in the case that a student does face suspension or detention, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, and is to return to the classroom. This can be a stressful time for the student to get back into the classroom community. This stage of restorative justice allows the class to support and re-welcome the student and take actions to ensure that the student does not fall out of the loop again.

How To Integrate Restorative Justice With Learning
As a teacher, you may be wondering, “how can I spend so much time and effort focusing on restorative justice while also teaching in the limited time I have?” While it is true that restorative justice is a lengthy and time-consuming process, it is possible to fully integrate it with your teaching methods. 

Restorative justice does not need to be a hugely promoted ideology in your classroom. But subtly implementing restorative justice methods can make all the difference in making your students more comfortable and well-behaved in class. So, you do not need to forgo your course curriculum, exam preparation, and past papers practice in order to successfully implement restorative justice.

Simply asking a student to take responsibility in a non-judgemental manner, rather than doling out punishment right away, will create a more comfortable classroom environment, while also making students develop a sense of self-awareness. As a result, they can become more well-rounded individuals. 

Seeing as though a large majority of students and teachers daily lives are spent in a classroom, it should be a healthy environment that focuses on fostering personal relations and developing problem-solving skills, as well as providing students with information and exam preparation in order to perform well on their final exams. Thus, including a restorative justice disciplinary system will surely help improve the overall classroom climate and environment. 

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